Traumatic Brain Injury

Overview

At the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital, we provide specialist care for individuals affected by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)—a complex condition that can have lasting physical, cognitive, and emotional effects. Our dedicated rehabilitation centre is equipped to help patients regain independence and improve their quality of life through personalised treatment plans and advanced therapies.

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What is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

TBI is an injury to the brain caused by a sudden trauma—such as a fall, car accident, or blow to the head. The severity can range from mild (concussion) to severe injuries resulting in extended loss of consciousness or memory, and long-term disability.

Why Prompt Assessment Matters

A traumatic brain injury doesn’t end when the initial swelling settles. Studies show the risk of stroke is highest in the first four months after a TBI and remains elevated for up to five years. The trauma itself, damaged blood vessels (including carotid or vertebral artery tears) and prolonged immobility all contribute. Early monitoring and aggressive control of blood pressure, cholesterol and clotting risk are essential.

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Causes of TBI

Common causes include:

• Work-related or military injuries
• Falls (particularly in older adults and young children)
• Road traffic accidents
• Sports injuries
• Assaults or violent trauma

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Symptoms of TBI

TBI symptoms vary depending on severity but may include:

Mild TBI (Concussion):

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Confusion or disorientation
• Memory problems
• Nausea or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light or sound

Moderate to Severe TBI:

• Difficulty with speech or language
• Prolonged unconsciousness
• Slurred speech
• Weakness or numbness in limbs
• Seizures or convulsions
• Difficulty with balance or coordination
• Cognitive and behavioural changes

Sudden one‑sided weakness, facial droop or speech loss – call 999 immediately; these can signal a post‑traumatic stroke or vessel tear.

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TBI is diagnosed using:

• Neuropsychological assessments to evaluate cognitive function
• Clinical evaluation
• Neuroimaging (CT scan or MRI)
• Neurological examination

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Treatment at Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital

Our TBI rehabilitation programme is led by an expert multidisciplinary team offering:

• Neurorehabilitation (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy)
• Cognitive and behavioural therapy
• Assistive technology and mobility aids
• Emotional and psychological support
• Family education and involvement in care planning
• 24/7 nursing care and specialist medical support

We provide both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, tailored to the individual’s progress and needs.

We provide compassionate, multidisciplinary care that supports physical, emotional, and cognitive recovery following a traumatic brain injury.

Long‑Term Complications We Screen For

• Ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke in the months/years after injury
• Post‑traumatic epilepsy
• Hormonal dysfunction (pituitary injury)
• Mood disorders and cognitive decline

See our Stroke Rehabilitation and Cardiology Department for vascular‑risk management.

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Take the Next Step in Recovery

If you or a loved one has experienced TBI, early rehabilitation is vital. Contact the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital today to learn how our expert team can support your journey toward independence and improved quality of life.