Haematuria: blood in urine

24 December 2024

Blood in the urine, known as haematuria can indicate a range of conditions from urinary tract infections to cancer. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential. Discover more about potential causes, symptoms and treatment of this symptom.

What is Haematuria?

Haematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It can appear visibly as pink, red, or brownish urine (macroscopic haematuria) or be detectable only under a microscope (microscopic haematuria). The condition can stem from various causes, ranging from temporary issues to serious underlying medical concerns.

Potential Causes

There are many possible reasons for haematuria, including:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections like bladder or kidney infections can irritate the urinary tract, leading to blood in the urine.
Kidney Stones: The movement of kidney stones through the urinary system can cause irritation and bleeding.
Trauma to the Urinary Tract: Injuries to the kidneys, bladder, or urethra from accidents, physical activities, or surgeries can cause bleeding.
Blockages in the Urinary Tract: Obstructions, such as stones, tumours, or an enlarged prostate, can increase pressure within the urinary system, leading to haematuria.
Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like interstitial cystitis or glomerulonephritis cause inflammation and can result in blood in the urine.
Medications: Blood thinners, NSAIDs, and other medications may increase bleeding risk and cause haematuria.
Genetic Disorders: Conditions like polycystic kidney disease or Alport syndrome can make individuals more prone to haematuria.
Systemic Health Issues: Diseases like hypertension, diabetes, or autoimmune conditions can affect kidney function, causing blood in the urine.
Cancer: Cancers of the bladder, kidney, or prostate may present with haematuria as a symptom.

Symptoms

The symptoms of haematuria can vary based on the underlying cause and severity. Common signs include:

Visible Blood in the Urine: Urine may appear pink, red, or cola-coloured in cases of macroscopic haematuria, while microscopic haematuria is detected through testing.
Pain or Discomfort: Some individuals may experience burning or discomfort during urination, often linked to infections or inflammation.
Frequent Urination: An increased need to urinate, along with urgency, may occur, especially if a urinary tract infection is present.
Lower Abdominal Pain: Discomfort in the lower abdomen may be associated with UTIs, bladder inflammation, or kidney stones.
Flank Pain: Pain on the sides of the abdomen can occur due to kidney-related conditions, such as stones or infections.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

If you experience haematuria, a doctor will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the cause. This may include:

Medical History Review: Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, past medical conditions, medications, lifestyle habits, and recent illnesses.
Physical Examination: This may involve assessing abdominal tenderness, flank pain, or other signs of infection.
Urinalysis: A urine sample will be tested for blood, bacteria, protein, and other abnormalities.
Imaging Tests: Ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs can help detect stones, tumours, or other urinary tract issues.
Cystoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to inspect the bladder and urethra for signs of abnormalities using a small camera.
Blood Tests: Tests like renal function assessments, complete blood count, and coagulation studies may be used to identify any underlying systemic conditions.

Treatment and Management

The treatment of haematuria depends on the underlying cause and may involve:

Antibiotics: For UTIs, antibiotics are used to eliminate the infection.
Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers may help alleviate discomfort.
Medication Adjustment: If certain medications contribute to haematuria, your doctor may adjust your treatment plan.
Lifestyle Changes: Staying well-hydrated, avoiding irritants like caffeine or alcohol, and practicing good hygiene can help manage the condition.
Treating the Root Cause: If haematuria is linked to kidney stones, cancer, or other serious conditions, targeted treatments will be needed.

Follow-Up and Monitoring

Regular follow-up may be necessary to monitor haematuria and ensure effective treatment. This may include:

Repeat Urinalysis: Periodic urine tests can help detect any ongoing bleeding or new abnormalities.
Imaging Studies: Follow-up imaging may be needed to monitor changes in the urinary tract.
Blood Tests: Routine tests may be done to track kidney function and check for signs of inflammation or other issues.
Symptom Monitoring: During follow-up visits, your doctor will discuss any changes in symptoms such as pain or urinary frequency.

Conclusion

Haematuria, or blood in the urine, can indicate anything from minor conditions like urinary tract infections to serious illnesses like kidney disease or cancer.

It is essential to promptly diagnose and treat the cause to avoid complications. If you notice blood in your urine, experience discomfort during urination, or observe changes in urinary habits, seeking medical attention is crucial for proper evaluation and care.

Arranging To Visit A Private GP

If you notice blood in your urine, pain during urination or in your abdomen make an appointment with one of our private GPs. Appointments are available to everyone and can often be booked for the same day. There is no need to be registered with our Buckinghamshire hospital, or live locally.

If you have insurance which covers a GP visit, we can in most cases invoice the insurer directly. Where you are paying directly, the cost for a 30 minute consultation is £125.

Any additional costs will always be discussed. They could apply if you are referred for an MRI scan, or to a consultant, or for other agreed decisions to support your health.

Our Resident Private GP

Dr Chamali is welcoming and highly experienced. He offers his patients sound diagnosis and treatment, along with individual care focused on their future health.